From the mid-15th century to the close of the 19th, it is estimated that more than 12 million people from Africa were forced onto slave ships and transported to the Western hemisphere; at least 11 million survived the journey to land in the Americas. Even after Britain banned the importation of African slaves in its colonies in 1807, and the US followed suit in 1808, more than 3 million Africans made the terrible transit across the Atlantic. Slavery itself was not finally ended until Brazilian emancipation in 1888. 'Crossings' explores the broad sweep of slavery across the Atlantic world, revealing the extraordinary efforts to end it as well as the remarkable degree to which slavery and the slave trade managed to survive, even to the present day. In an authoritative history of the entire slave trade to date, eminent historian James Walvin returns the emphasis of the story to its origins in Africa.
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